A new species and new records of Laelaspis Berlese (Acari, Laelapidae) from Iran

ZooKeys 208: 17-25 (20 | 2) A peer-rev iewed open-access journa I

doi: 10.3897/zookeys.208.328 | RESEARCH ARTICLE #Zookey

www.zookeys.o rg Launched to accelerate biodiversity research

A new species and new records of Laelaspis Berlese
(Acari, Laelapidae) from Iran

Omid Joharchi't, Mahdi Jalaeian?*, Saeed Paktinat-Saeej*§, Azadeh Ghafarian*"

| Department of Plant Protection, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran 2. Agriculture & Natural Re-
sources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi Province, Plant Protection Department, Mashhad, Iran 3 Department
of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran 4 Department of Entomology,
Collage of Agriculture, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

T urn:lsid:zoobank. org:author:708542 1 B-EBD9-430F-ACI B-A520DC4F38DC
* urn:lsid:zoobank. org:author:78D97837-6130-46C1-BLEB-3DD1/CFO98E4
§ urn:lid:zoobank.org:author:F82EC1F7-249B-449A-962D-CF280F673DD2

| urn:lsid:zoobank. org:author:6EB9449 1-13 EE-4326-8E9A-9299E472DBA3

Corresponding author: Omid Joharchi (joharchi@iauyazd.ac.ir)

Academic editor: Andre Bochkov | Received 24 April 2012 | Accepted 9 July 2012 | Published 17 July 2012
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0F0A8627-2D 99-4B2C-8 DF0-F23F429FODIF

Citation: Joharchi O, Jalaeian M, Paktinat-Saeej S, Ghafarian A (2012) A new species and new records of Laelaspis Berlese
(Acari, Laelapidae) from Iran. ZooKeys 208: 17—25. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.208.3281

Abstract

This paper reports on three species of mites of the genus Lae/aspis in Iran — Laelaspis calidus Berlese from
Pheidole pallidula, L. humeratus (Berlese) from Tetramorium caespitum and L. dariusi Joharchi & Jalaeian,
sp. n. from soil. The new species is described and illustrations provided.

Keywords

Laelapidae, taxonomy, Formicidae, Iran, myrmecophiles

Introduction

The Laelapidae is one of the largest families of free-living Mesostigmata, but it has not
yet achieved a stable classification (Tenorio 1982, Joharchi et al. in press). Hypoaspis
Canestrini and related genera have had an especially complicated and confusing
history, including Laelaspis Berlese, 1903, which has often been treated as a subgenus

Copyright Omid Joharchi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0
(CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

18 Omid Joharchi et al. / ZooKeys 208: 17-25 (2012)

of Hypoaspis Canestrini, 1884 (Hunter 1961, Hunter and Glover 1968, Karg 1982,
1993, Faraji et al. 2008). Joharchi et al. (2011) treated Laelaspis as a separate genus,
and gave a diagnosis and comparison of diagnostic characters for the closely related
genera Gymnolaelaps and Pseudoparasitus. That concept of Laelapsis is followed here.

Joharchi et al. previously reported on five species of mites of the genus Laelaspis
and on several genera associated with ants in Iran (Joharchi et al. in press, Joharchi et
al. 2011). Joharchi et al. have previously provided a key to species of Laelaspis occur-
ring in the Western Palaearctic Region with a summary of their host associations and
biology (Joharchi et al. in press). We now expand the study to include further species
in the genus Laelaspis Berlese, 1903, mainly associated with ants and soil.

The cosmopolitan genus Laelaspis includes 17 species in the Western Palaearctic
Region and most species are associated with ants or their nests. However, a few were
collected with small mammals or in soil, and most species have only been collected on
few occasions, so it is difficult to draw any firm conclusions about their host specificity
(Joharchi et al. in press). Six species of Laelaspis have been reported previously from
Iran (Joharchi et al. in press). Unidentified species of Laelaspis were also reported from
Iran by Kamali et al. (2001) and Nemati and Babaeian (2010). The purpose of this
paper is to describe another species of Lae/aspis and increase our knowledge of the
Iranian fauna of Laelapidae.

Materials and methods

Mites associated with ants and soil were collected in Alborz, Khorasan, Kerman and
Yazd Provinces over a period of two years (2010-2012). Mites were removed from
ants’ nests by individual hand picking and by extraction from ant nest and soil mate-
rial using Tullgren funnels. Mites were cleared in Nesbitt’s solution and mounted in
Hoyer’s medium. The nomenclature used for the dorsal idiosomal chaetotaxy is that of
Lindquist and Evans (1965), the leg chaetotaxy is that of Evans (1963a) the palp chae-
totaxy that of Evans (1963b), and names of other anatomical structures mostly follow
Evans and Till (1979). We use the term “lyrifissures” to refer to slit-shaped sensilli,
and “pore” for circular or oval-shaped cuticular openings of unspecified function. The
holotype and paratypes of the new species are deposited in the Acarological collection,
Department of Plant Protection, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University (YIAU); para-
types are also deposited in the Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum, College of Agriculture,
University of Tehran, Iran (JAZM) and in the Australian National Insect Collection,
CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra, Australia (ANIC). All measurements in the
descriptions are given in micrometres (um).

A new species and new records of Laelaspis Berlese (Acari, Laelapidae) from Iran 19

Results

Genus Laelaspis Berlese
http://species-id.net/wiki/Laelaspis

Laelaps (Laelaspis) Berlese, 1903: 13.

Type species. Laelaps astronomicus Koch, 1839, by original designation.

Diagnosis. See Joharchi et al. (2011).

Notes on the genus. Laelaspis belongs to a group of genera of Laelapidae in
which the genital shield of the female is greatly expanded, so that its posterior
margin abuts the anal shield and its lateral margins extend outward behind coxae
IV. The expanded genito-ventral shield in these genera captures at least two pairs of
ventral setae in addition to the genital setae on the the extreme edges of the shield.
Laelaspis is distinguished from Gymnolaelaps by its two-tined palp tarsal claw, the
absence of pre-sternal shields, and the presence of two distinct A-shaped lines on
the genital shield. Laelaspis differs from Pseudoparasitus because Pseudoparasitus has
at least two pairs of setae on the surface of the genital shield, well separated from
the edges of the shield, while all the genital setae of Laelaspis and Gymnolaelaps are
on the extreme edges of the shield.

Laelaspis calidus Berlese
http://species-id.net/wiki/Laelaspis_calidus

Laelaspis calidus Berlese, 1924: 255; Hunter 1961: 676.
Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) calidus— Aswegen and Loots 1970: 27.
Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) calida— Karg 1982: 250; 1989: 120.

Specimens examined. Six females, Anar, Kerman, 53°30'N, 18°55’E, alt. 1152 m 10
November 2011, O. Joharchi coll., in nest of Pheidole pallidula.

Notes. Laelaspis calidus was described from east Africa (Berlese 1924), also has
been recorded at Kilimanjaro near Marangu from moss and litter (Aswegen and Loots
1970) and has not been reported since. It is easily recognised by the bidentate movable
digit and the seven-toothed fixed digit, the serrated postanal seta and seta Z5 two to
three times as long as J5. This species has been found from moss and litter, but has not
been reported from the nests of ants. It is now recorded in Iran for the first time from
the ant nests.

20 Omid Joharchi et al. / ZooKeys 208: 17-25 (2012)

Laelaspis dariusi Joharchi & Jalaeian sp. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BB2DA9B6-4ACF-4F3B-A5 16-3E33EA3AD1F0
http://species-id.net/wiki/Laelaspis_dariusi

Figures 1-8

Specimens examined. Holotype, female, Iran, Khorasan Razavi Province, Kalate Na-
deri (Laeen), 37°07'N, 59°29'E, alt. 858 m, 26 Mar 2010, S. Paktinat-saeej coll., in
soil of apple orchard. Paratypes, seven females, same data as holotype (in YIAU, JAZM
and ANIC).

Description of the female. Figures 1-8. Dorsal idiosoma. Dorsal shield length
524-534, width 406-426 (n = 8) (Fig. 1). Shield oval shaped, with reticulation, more
distinct in opisthonotal region; with 39 pairs of long setae, 22 podonotal, 17 opistho-
notal, including two pairs of Zx setae between J and Z setae, almost all setae slightly
swollen at base, with pointed tip (Fig. 4), podonotal setae very long, reaching well
past base of next posterior setae, setae of central area of dorsal shield decreasing in
length from anterior to posterior (j3, z2 74-82, j4 69-74, j6, J1, J3 54-57), lateral setae
thicker than central setae, almost all marginal setae including Z5 slightly serrated (Fig.
3), length 89-99, almost double length of J5, length 45—50; opisthonotal region with
three unpaired supernumerary seta Jx in each specimen. Shield with three pairs of large
circular to oval-shaped pores, other pores inconspicuous.

Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 2). Tritosternum with columnar base (15-17 long x 9-10
wide), paired pilose laciniae, length 67—69 (Fig. 7), pre-sternal shields absent, pre-
sternal area with some weak transverse lines. Sternal shield length 111-116, narrow-
est between coxae II (87-89) widest between coxae II & II (151-153), with slightly
concave posterior margin and undulating anterior margin, with three pairs of long
and smooth sternal setae, stl 42—47, st2 59-62, st3 67-69, reaching well past base
of next posterior setae, one pair of lyrifissures adjacent to setae stl, a pair of larger
lyrifissures between st2 and s¢3; antero-lateral surface of sternal shield with line-
ate ornamentation, central area smooth. Metasternal platelets absent, metasternal
setae st4 (27-32) and metasternal pores located in soft skin; endopodal plates II/III
fused to sternal shield, endopodal plates IH/IV elongate, narrow, curved. Genital
shield broad, length 277-285, maximum width 248-260, posterior margin round-
ed, abutting anal shield, surface with characteristic ornamentation including dis-
tinct A-shaped lines and polygonal ornamentation, bearing the long genital setae st5
(87-89) and two pairs of long setae (89-99) on its lateral edges. Paragenital pores
located on soft skin lateral to shield behind coxae IV. Anal shield subtriangular,
length 104-109, width 126-131; its anterior half with lineate ornamentation and a
pair of lateral pores; post-anal seta 42-45 um, longer and thicker than para-anal se-
tae, 22—25. Opisthogastric skin with long, narrow and oval metapodal plates (62—64
long x 8-10 wide) very close to genital shield, and 15 pairs of slightly serrate setae,
each arising on small sclerotised platelet, and seven pairs of pores. Exopodal plates
forming subtriangular extensions behind coxae IV, narrow elongate exopodal plates
I/II not fused to peritrematal shield. Peritreme extending from coxa IV to anterior

A new species and new records of Laelaspis Berlese (Acari, Laelapidae) from Iran ZA

l 2

50 um

Figures |-8. Laelaspis dariusi Joharchi and Jalaeian sp. n., female. | Dorsal shield 2 Ventral idiosoma
3 Seta Z5 enlarged 4 Dorsal shield seta s3 5 Hypostome 6 Epistome 7 Tritosternum 8 Chelicera.

22 Omid Joharchi et al. / ZooKeys 208: 17-25 (2012)

of coxa I, peritrematal shield narrow, post-stigmatal section conspicuous, with two
pairs of pores.

Gnathosoma. Epistome triangular, smooth (Fig. 6). Hypostomal groove with six
rows of denticles each bearing 8—10 small teeth, and smooth anterior transverse line.
Hypostome with four pairs of setae, internal posterior hypostomal setae h3 longest
(Fig. 5). Corniculi robust and horn-like, reaching mid-level of palp femur. Palp chae-
totaxy: trochanter 2 (v1 thick), femur 5, genu 6, tibia 12, tarsus 15; all setae smooth
and needle-like, palp tarsal claw two-tined. Fixed digit of chelicera with six blunt teeth
(Fig. 8); pilus dentilis short and robust; dorsal seta short, prostrate; movable digit with
two teeth; arthrodial membrane with a rounded flap and short filaments.

Legs. Legs I and III short (302-312, 282-288), I and IV longer (430-446, 372-
392). Leg I: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 1/1 0/2 1 (ad thick), femur 2 3/2 2/2 2
(ad2, ad3, all, pl1 and p/2 thick), genu 2 3/2 3/1 2 (all dorsal thick), tibia 2 3/2 3/1
2. Leg II: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0 (all setae thick), trochanter 1 0/1 1/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/2
1 (ad1, pd2 and pv1 thick), genu 2 3/1 2/1 2 (all ventral thick), tibia 2 2/1 2/1 2 (all
ventral thick). Leg HI: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0 (all setae thick), trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1 (al
and av thick), femur 1 2/1 1/0 1 (adI and ad2 thick), genu 2 2/1 2/1 1 (ventral setae
thick), tibia: 2 1/1 2/1 1(ventral setae thick). Leg IV: coxa 0 0/1 0/0 0, trochanter 1
0/1 0/2 1 (av thick), femur 1 2/1 1/0 1 (a/long, ad1 and ad2 thick), genu 2 2/1 3/0 1
(ventral thick), tibia 2 1/1 3/1 2; all setae fine and needle-like unless otherwise noted.
Tarsi I-I[V with 18 setae 3 3/2 3/2 3 + mv, md. All pre-tarsi with a pair of claws and a
long thin membranous ambulacrum.

Insemination structures not seen, apparently unsclerotised.

Etymology. The species is named in memory of Darius I (Old Persian: Darayava(h)us),
also known as Darius the Great, was the third king of the Achaemenid Empire, who proved
to be a strong and wise ruler and he was tolerant toward other religions and cultures, pro-
moted learning, agriculture, forestation, and the construction of highways. He also built
the great palace cities of Susa and Persepolis.

Notes. Laelaspis dariusi differs from all other species in the genus by its dorsal
shield setae in central area decreasing in length from anterior to posterior, seta Z5 much
longer than J5; seta vl on the palp trochanter thick, sternal setae long and smooth,
long enough to well past base of next posterior setae, movable digit of chelicera with
two teeth and fixed digit of chelicera with six blunt teeth.

Laelaspis humeratus (Berlese)
http://species-id.net/wiki/Laelaspis_humeratus

Laelaps (Laelaspis) humeratus Berlese 1904: 425.

Hypoaspis humerata.— Evans and Till 1966: 212; Lapina 1976: 43.

Laelaspis humeratus— Hull 1925: 210; Willmann 1951:113; Hunter 1961: 675;
Salmane 2001a: 131; Salmane 2001b: 34; Salmane and Brumelis 2010: 390.

Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) humerata.— Karg 1979: 102; 1982: 250; 1989: 120.

A new species and new records of Laelaspis Berlese (Acari, Laelapidae) from Iran 23

Laelaspis humerata.— Bregetova 1977: 545.

Specimens examined. One female, Alborz, Karaj, 35°56'N, 51°22’E, alt. 2000 m, 11
July 2011, O. Joharchi coll., in nest of Zetramorium caespitum.

Notes. Laelaspis humeratus was described from Luxemburg (Berlese 1904), and
has been recorded from Latvia (Lapina 1976; Salmane 2001a, 2001b), Russia and
Austria (Bregetova 1977), and England (Hull 1925; Evans and Till 1966). This species
was found associated with at least two genera of ants (Lasius and Tetramorium), free-
living in soil, litter and meadows, and from the nests of mammals. This species is
easily recognised by the large number of long, thick and wavy opisthonotal setae,
the bidentate movable digit and the tridentate fixed digit. Haddad Irani-Nejad et al.
(2003) recorded an unidentified species as Laelaspis near humerata (Berlese, 1904), but
the identity of that species cannot be confirmed because the specimens have been lost,
so this is the first record of L. humeratus from Iran.

Discussion

Before the start of this study, six species of Laelaspis had been reported from Iran. We
have added new information on L. calidus and L. humeratus.

Joharchi et al. have previously discussed the distinction between Laelaspis and
Gymnolaelaps and Pseudoparasitus (Joharchi et al. 2011). The biology of most species of
Laelaspis has not been studied, but the limited information that is available shows that
they are predatory (Hunter 1964). Laelaspis appears to be a genus of predators that feed
on other small invertebrates in their hosts’ nests, but are not harmful to the ants. High
populations of acarids may be harmful to ants, so the presence of predators such as Laelaspis
may be beneficial, forming a symbiotic relationship with its ant hosts. The ecological role
of Laelaspis in mammal nests is also unknown, but it appears likely that they are predators,
feeding on other nest inhabitants such as acarid mites (Rasmy et al. 1987).

Acknowledgements

We are indebted to Dr. Bruce Halliday (CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia)
for his all helpful and valuable comments. This study was supported by Yazd branch,
Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran wich is greatly appreciated. We are very grateful to
the reviewers for their comments.

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